V2X (vehicle to everything) is the communication between vehicles and everything in the surrounding, which includes pedestrians, other vehicles, traffic lights, roadside units (RSU), and grid station. The basic working state of V2X requires vehicles, wireless network, RSUs and other smart devices that have the ability to communicate.

There are two types of techniques used globally for vehicle communication, which are WLAN based or cellular-based. In WLAN based communication, the technology used for communication is DSRC (dedicated short-range communication). In DSRC the communication is conducted through radio waves on a frequency spectrum of 5.8-5.9 GHz. For communications, it requires DSRC radio and a GPS receiver that transmit speed and direction of the vehicle to other participants on roads. Transmitted messages are secure and thus, can be instantly processed.

Although DSRC works with a good mechanism, the main problem with DSRC is the distance of communication. As the name suggests, dedicated short-range communication has a limited range of communication for about 300 meters. So this is where cellular-based (C-V2X) comes in hand because by using the cellular network for communication, it has a wide range for communication between vehicles and everything, approximately a few kilometres.

Technology use in C-V2X is SC-FDM (single-carrier frequency-division multiplexing) with continues detection for notifications and messages. Before 5G, C-V2X usually worked on 4G/LTE, which was working efficiently but with the introduction of 5G in various countries prompt more attraction towards C-V2X instead of DSRC. It also uses the 5.9 GHz spectrum for communication because this spectrum is independent of a cellular network.

There is also the third kind of communication used in vehicles, which has the capability to use both technologies. For short-range and direct communication, it uses DSRC, and for long-range communication, it uses C-V2X. These both technologies will be embedded on a chip which needs to be installed on vehicles.

There are various types of vehicle communications, some of which are vehicle to pedestrian (V2P), vehicle to grid (V2G), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle to network (V2N).

The average market value of V2X in 2018 was US$ 0.5 billion, and by 2025 it will reach US$ 15 billion.

There are various technological and auto suppliers involve in the V2X market, some of which are Autotalks, Airbiquity, Blackberry, Cohda Wireless, Continental, Denso, Elektrobit, IBM, Infineon, Qualcomm, and Savari. Most leading auto companies are also involved in the development of V2X such as Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Hyundai Motors, Lexus, Mercedes Benz, Toyota, and Volkswagen.